This article explains the evidence that the eruption of the volcano Ilopango TBJ (a caldera lake located in El Salvador) caused a significant decrease in the temperatures in the northern hemisphere in AD 536. A dust veil covered the Earth surface and caused a drop in temperatures during the summer in the northern hemisphere and affected crops in China and the Mediterranean. The scientist Robert Dull from the University of Texas traveled to El Salvador to find the geological evidence by drilling tephra samples (ash layers underground) and a carbonized tree trunk. These samples were tested with Radiocarbon dating to estimate the age of the eruption. The result of the experiment found that the eruption of the Ilopango volcano was in AD 535 but the sample of the carbonized trunk “cannot be unequivocally associated with the 536 AD event.” The conclusion of the research remarks that “the eruption alone probably cannot explain the entire +14 year cold period observed in the northern hemisphere tree rings record from AD 536, but it seem now the best candidate for the cause of the AD 536 mystery cloud and a major contributor to the cold temperatures that followed.
Source:
Robert Dull, 2012. Did the Ilopango TBJ Eruption Cause the AD 536 Event? University of Texas, Austin. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.fundar.org.sv/referencias/dull_et_al_2010_AGU.pdf
2. Sustainable Development in El Salvador
This is a research done by Neşecan Balkan and Gwyn Kirk about the overall situation of sustainable development in Central America and in El Salvador, with some principles and strategies of how this is being implemented.
Source: Neşecan Balkan and Gwyn Kirk. 2005. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EL SALVADOR: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE. [Internet]. Available from: https://www.hamilton.edu/documents//levitt-center/salvador_finalreport.pdf
3. CAFTA Investor Rights Undermining Democracy and the Environment: Pacific Rim Mining Case
This peer-review article describes how the company Pacific Rim Mining Case was trying to damage the natural environment and pollute the Lempa River with a gold mine, but they could. Here are some reasons why they were unsuccessful.
Available from: https://www.citizen.org/documents/Pacific_Rim_Backgrounder1.pdf
2. Sustainable Development in El Salvador
This is a research done by Neşecan Balkan and Gwyn Kirk about the overall situation of sustainable development in Central America and in El Salvador, with some principles and strategies of how this is being implemented.
Source: Neşecan Balkan and Gwyn Kirk. 2005. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EL SALVADOR: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE. [Internet]. Available from: https://www.hamilton.edu/documents//levitt-center/salvador_finalreport.pdf
3. CAFTA Investor Rights Undermining Democracy and the Environment: Pacific Rim Mining Case
This peer-review article describes how the company Pacific Rim Mining Case was trying to damage the natural environment and pollute the Lempa River with a gold mine, but they could. Here are some reasons why they were unsuccessful.
Available from: https://www.citizen.org/documents/Pacific_Rim_Backgrounder1.pdf
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